Sabtu, 02 April 2011

discourse analysis


Discourse analysis is investigating much broader area of the form and function  of what is said and written.Speakers and writers as view as using language in its interpersonal function (taking part in social interaction), textual function (crating well-formed and  appropriate text), and ideational function ( representing thought and experience in a coherent way).
Discourse annalist takes a pragmatic approach to the study  of language in use. Any analytic  approach in linguistics  which involves contextual considerations, necessarily  belongs o the area of language study is called pragmatics. The pragmatics perspective is more specialized. Some of the most obvious linguistics elements which requer contextual information for interpretation are  the deictic forms such as here, now, I, you, this, and that.
Structure perspective is focus on topic such as the explicit connections between sentences in a text that creates cohesion. In doing discourse analysis certainly involves doing syntax and semantic, but it primarily consists of doing pragmatics. In discourse anlysis, as in pragmatics, we are concern with what people using language are doing, and accounting for the linguistics features in the discourse as the means employ what they are doing.
What language users have more in mind is an assumption of coherence, that what is said or written will make sense in terms of their normal experience of things. That normal experience will be locally interpreted by each individual and hence will be tied to the familiar and the expected.Background knowledge  or our ability to arrive automatically at interpretations of the un written and the unsaid must be based on  pre-existing knowledge structures. Hte most general term is a schema which is in memory.
In using terms such as reference, presuposition, implicature and reference, the discourse analyst is discribing  what speakers and heares are doing, and not the relationship which exists between one sentence or proposition and another.It  also develops cultural schemata in the context ofbasic experiences. It is almost inevitable that our background knowledge structures, our shemata for making sense of the world, will be culturally determined. It is also considered the cross-cultural pragmatics to know the difference in expectations to look at the ways in which meaning is constructed.
            In short, the discourse analyst treats data as the record (text) of a dynamic process in which language was used as an instrument of communication in a context to express meaning and achieve intentions (discourse).

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